Raspberry Pi Min-Grant project - User contributions [en]

Control Engineering

2015-10-27T22:36:50Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Introduction</span>'''

Control Engineering is taught in the fourth and fifth year of the electrical engineering curriculum. In fourth year, the students mainly cover modelling, time domain and frequency domain analysis and stability analysis of linear control systems. In the fifth year of study, concepts like state space representation, digital control, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, nonlinear control systems and optimal control are covered. 

Currently, the laboratory exercises are mainly Matlab based. We seek to enhance the teaching of these units by developing a laboratory exercise based on the Raspberry Pi to be undertaken by the fifth year students. The lab will cover the areas of Open loop and closed loop control, optimal control and digital control using a real  life example, water tank level monitoring and filling.

The labs have been developed as follows

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Open and Closed Loop Control'''</span>

In open loop control, the output has no eﬀect on the control action i.e. the control action is totally independent of the output of the system. The output is neither measured nor fed back for comparison with the input. To each reference input, there corresponds a ﬁxed operating condition and as a result the accuracy of the system depends on the calibration. Open loop control can be used, in practice, if the relationship between the input and output is known and if there are Ineither internal nor external disturbances. Open loop contro systems are simple in design and construction and easy to maintain. They are, however, inaccurate and unreliable

In closed loop control, the control action is somehow dependent on the output of the system. There is a comparison of the state of the output and the reference state. This property is known as feedback and is the main diﬀerence between open loop and closed loop systems. Feedback is the property of the system which permits the output to be compared with the reference input so that appropriate control action is formed. Closed loop control systems are more accurate and reliable but may be complex in design and suffer from  instability.

In this lab, we demonstrate the two types of control in filliwng a water tank. In the first instance, no sensor is used to measure the level of water in the tank and the control action is therefore open loop. In the second instance, we use a level sensor (E-tape level sensor) to measure the current water level and generate a control signal based on the level. In both cases, we use Pulse Width Modulation in opening and closing a valve that controls the flow of water into the tank. The results of the two controllers are compared, in terms of the level of water achieved in each case.

The complete procedure of the lab is avalilable in [[Open and Closed Loop Control.pdf|Open and Closed Loop Control.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Optimal Control'''</span>

The objective of optimal control theory is to determine the control signal that will optimize (maximize or minimize) some performance criterion while at the same time satisfying the physical constraints of the system. 

In this lab, we demonstrate the concept of optimal control in filling a water tank. We wish to fill the tank to a certain level within a given duration of time. We formulate an optimal control problem with the level of water as the performance criteria and time as the constraint. Closed loop control is used in this case, with the same approach in lab 1 being used. The ouput of the control algorthm is Pulse Width Modulated signals that open the valve so as to allow water into the tank at a rate that will ensure that we fill the tank within the set duration of time.

The complete procedure of the lab is avalilable in [[Optimal Control.pdf|Optimal Control.pdf]]

Control Engineering

2015-10-27T22:36:08Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Control Engineering</span>'''

Control Engineering is taught in the fourth and fifth year of the electrical engineering curriculum. In fourth year, the students mainly cover modelling, time domain and frequency domain analysis and stability analysis of linear control systems. In the fifth year of study, concepts like state space representation, digital control, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, nonlinear control systems and optimal control are covered. 

Currently, the laboratory exercises are mainly Matlab based. We seek to enhance the teaching of these units by developing a laboratory exercise based on the Raspberry Pi to be undertaken by the fifth year students. The lab will cover the areas of Open loop and closed loop control, optimal control and digital control using a real  life example, water tank level monitoring and filling.

The labs have been developed as follows

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Open and Closed Loop Control'''</span>

In open loop control, the output has no eﬀect on the control action i.e. the control action is totally independent of the output of the system. The output is neither measured nor fed back for comparison with the input. To each reference input, there corresponds a ﬁxed operating condition and as a result the accuracy of the system depends on the calibration. Open loop control can be used, in practice, if the relationship between the input and output is known and if there are Ineither internal nor external disturbances. Open loop contro systems are simple in design and construction and easy to maintain. They are, however, inaccurate and unreliable

In closed loop control, the control action is somehow dependent on the output of the system. There is a comparison of the state of the output and the reference state. This property is known as feedback and is the main diﬀerence between open loop and closed loop systems. Feedback is the property of the system which permits the output to be compared with the reference input so that appropriate control action is formed. Closed loop control systems are more accurate and reliable but may be complex in design and suffer from  instability.

In this lab, we demonstrate the two types of control in filliwng a water tank. In the first instance, no sensor is used to measure the level of water in the tank and the control action is therefore open loop. In the second instance, we use a level sensor (E-tape level sensor) to measure the current water level and generate a control signal based on the level. In both cases, we use Pulse Width Modulation in opening and closing a valve that controls the flow of water into the tank. The results of the two controllers are compared, in terms of the level of water achieved in each case.

The complete procedure of the lab is avalilable in [[Open_and_Closed_Loop_Control.pdf|Open and Closed Loop Control.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Optimal Control'''</span>

The objective of optimal control theory is to determine the control signal that will optimize (maximize or minimize) some performance criterion while at the same time satisfying the physical constraints of the system. 

In this lab, we demonstrate the concept of optimal control in filling a water tank. We wish to fill the tank to a certain level within a given duration of time. We formulate an optimal control problem with the level of water as the performance criteria and time as the constraint. Closed loop control is used in this case, with the same approach in lab 1 being used. The ouput of the control algorthm is Pulse Width Modulated signals that open the valve so as to allow water into the tank at a rate that will ensure that we fill the tank within the set duration of time.

The complete procedure of the lab is avalilable in [[Optimal_Control.pdf|Optimal Control.pdf]]

Control Engineering

2015-10-27T22:26:35Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Control Engineering</span>'''

Control Engineering is taught in the fourth and fifth year of the electrical engineering curriculum. In fourth year, the students mainly cover modelling, time domain and frequency domain analysis and stability analysis of linear control systems. In the fifth year of study, concepts like state space representation, digital control, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, nonlinear control systems and optimal control are covered. 

Currently, the laboratory exercises are mainly Matlab based. We seek to enhance the teaching of these units by developing a laboratory exercise based on the Raspberry Pi to be undertaken by the fifth year students. The lab will cover the areas of Open loop and closed loop control, optimal control and digital control using a real  life example, water tank level monitoring and filling.

The labs have been developed as follows

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Open and Closed Loop Control'''</span>

In open loop control, the output has no eﬀect on the control action i.e. the control action is totally independent of the output of the system. The output is neither measured nor fed back for comparison with the input. To each reference input, there corresponds a ﬁxed operating condition and as a result the accuracy of the system depends on the calibration. Open loop control can be used, in practice, if the relationship between the input and output is known and if there are Ineither internal nor external disturbances. Open loop contro systems are simple in design and construction and easy to maintain. They are, however, inaccurate and unreliable

In closed loop control, the control action is somehow dependent on the output of the system. There is a comparison of the state of the output and the reference state. This property is known as feedback and is the main diﬀerence between open loop and closed loop systems. Feedback is the property of the system which permits the output to be compared with the reference input so that appropriate control action is formed. Closed loop control systems are more accurate and reliable but may be complex in design and suffer from  instability.

In this lab, we demonstrate the two types of control in filliwng a water tank. In the first instance, no sensor is used to measure the level of water in the tank and the control action is therefore open loop. In the second instance, we use a level sensor (E-tape level sensor) to measure the current water level and generate a control signal based on the level. In both cases, we use Pulse Width Modulation in opening and closing a valve

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Optimal Control'''</span>

The objective of optimal control theory is to determine the control signal that will optimize (maximize or minimize) some performance criterion while at the same time satisfying the physical constraints of the system. 

In this lab, the students will explore the optimal parameters for a PID controller designed to ensure the water level in a tank is maintained within an optimal range. The PID controller will be implemented in software and this will introduce the students to digital control concepts. 

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:46:17Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Introduction</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
*Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
*Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will equip the students with relevant skills in transducers, signal conditioning, remote sensing and data storage. Microprocessor application in instrumentation using the Raspberry Pi is well covered in this work.</p>
Three labs have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif"><span style="font-size: medium">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif"><span style="font-size: medium">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and [[Media:AD620.pdf|AD620]] (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.<br/>After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.<br/>The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:45:17Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
*Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
*Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will equip the students with relevant skills in transducers, signal conditioning, remote sensing and data storage. Microprocessor application in instrumentation using the Raspberry Pi is well covered in this work.</p>
Three labs have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif"><span style="font-size: medium">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.<br/></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif"><span style="font-size: medium">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and [[Media:AD620.pdf|AD620]] (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.<br/>After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.<br/>The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:37:24Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and [[Media:AD620.pdf|AD620]] (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:36:45Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large"</span>

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and [[Media:AD620.pdf|AD620]] (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

File:AD620.pdf

2015-10-27T21:35:30Z

Abuogoj:

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:33:49Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:32:35Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p>
By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor. The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger"</span><br/></div><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span><br/><br/></span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span><br/><br/></span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span><br/><br/></span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family: times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-27T21:29:45Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">[[Media:MCP3008.pdf|MCP3008]] analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic  . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

File:MCP3008.pdf

2015-10-27T21:28:34Z

Abuogoj:

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T17:40:03Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi, being a microprocessor based system, handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter for it to handle analog signals. </p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic [[File:Mcp.jpg|right|MCP3008: ADC chip]] . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. The entire procedure is available in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]].</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T17:21:35Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensors are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic . A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation_Lab2.pdf|Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[Media:Instrumentation_Lab3.pdf|Realtime Remote Force Measurement.pdf]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

File:Mcp.jpg

2015-10-26T16:46:52Z

Abuogoj:

File:Mcp.png

2015-10-26T16:36:28Z

Abuogoj: Abuogoj uploaded a new version of File:Mcp.png

MCP3008 schematic

File:Instrumentation Lab3.pdf

2015-10-26T13:27:30Z

Abuogoj:

File:Instrumentation Lab2.pdf

2015-10-26T13:26:45Z

Abuogoj:

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T13:21:27Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Media:Instrumentation_Lab1.pdf|Instrumentation Lab1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[RTECOLONmedia:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T13:19:04Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at[[Media:Instrumentation_Lab1.pdf|#REDIRECT]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[RTECOLONmedia:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T13:17:13Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at [[Instrumentation_Lab1.pdf|Introduction to Python prgramming.pdf]]

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[RTECOLONmedia:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

File:Instrumentation Lab1.pdf

2015-10-26T13:15:09Z

Abuogoj:

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T13:13:44Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with</p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

The students are taken through each section with example codes which they are supposed to run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at Introduction to Python prgramming.pdf

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[RTECOLONmedia:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Instrumentation

2015-10-26T13:12:23Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with </p>
*Transducers for non-electrical quantities .
*Signal conditioning
*Remote sensing techniques
* Microprocessor applications in instrumentation
* Noise and interference reduction
*Data storage, recording and display systems. 
<p style="text-align: justify">We aimed to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce  equip the students with relevant skills in transducers and their applications, to signal conditioning and remote sensing and data storage.</p>
Three labs are  have been development as follows

<span style="font-size:large;">'''Introduction to Python Prgramming'''</span>

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>The aim of this laboratory practice is to Introduce the student to programming in Python and equip the students with important skills in programming with Python to be used later in proceeding labs. Python is a very high level language. The Raspberry PI was actually developed to run Python as its programming platform, hence the term PI in the name Raspberry PI. The lab explores a bit of programming syntax used in Python.  Key areas captured in this lab are

*Entering variables in Python
*Common Arithmetic 
*Vectors and Matrices
*Flow Control
*Functions in Python
*Making plots in Python

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>The students aretaken through each section with example codes which they aresupposedto run. At the end of the exercise, students are given some tasks in these areas to undertake and present their findings. The complete manual for this lab is available at Introduction to Python prgramming.pdf

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>

<span style="font-size:larger"</span>

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[RTECOLONmedia:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

File:Analog to Digital Conversion.pdf

2015-10-23T07:34:05Z

Abuogoj:

Instrumentation

2015-10-23T07:30:45Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Instrumentation</span>'''<p style="text-align: justify">This course is taught in the third year of the electrical engineering curriculum. The course mainly deals with transducers for non-electrical quantities and their application to measurement of primary variables. Other areas covered in this course include signal conditioning, remote sensing techniques, microprocessor applications in instrumentation, noise and interference reduction, data storage, recording and display systems. </p><p style="text-align: justify">We aim to develop a laboratory exercise that will introduce the students to signal conditioning and remote sensing. Remote sensing is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from measurement points at inconvenient locations.</p><p style="text-align: justify">In this lab, the students will use a strain gauge to measure forces and transmit data to a different location via a wireless module. The Raspberry Pi will receive the data, perform signal conditioning and display the measurements.</p>
Two labs are under development as follows

<span style="font-size:larger">'''Analog to Digital Conversion'''</span>
<p style="text-align: justify">Most of signals from sensros are analogue in form. Raspberry Pi being a microprocessor based systems handles only digital signals. It has no inbuild analogue to digital             converter. This necessitates for development of an analogue to digital converter in instrumentation.</p><p style="text-align: justify">MCP3008 analogue to digital converter chip is used in this work. It is a 10 bit, 8 channel IC as shown in the schematic. A variable resistor is used as the source of the analogue signal and is connected to 5 V source. The analogue input (0 to 5 V) is fed to one of the 8 channels of the MCP3008. Other connections to be made are described in the lab manual  [[Media:adc.pdf|(see pdf) provided]] for this lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify">By adjusting the variable resistor, different values of analog voltages are used for testing the converter. The output (digital equivalent in decimal form) is displayed on the monitor</p>
The setup and sample results for this lab are shown below

[[File:ADC setup.jpg|x215px|ADC setup]]  [[File:Adcresult1.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 1]]  [[File:Adcresult2.jpg|x215px|ADC sample result 2]]
<br/><div><span style="font-size:larger">'''Real-time Remote Force Measurement and Recording'''</span></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Telemetry is important in instrumentation as it enables collection of data from several measurement points at inconvenient locations or inaccessible areas transmit that data to a convenient location and present the several individual measurements in a usable form.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The stain gauge on the principle that a resistance of a wire of a semiconductor is changed by elongation or compression due to externally applied stress. It is commonly used in the measurement of force , torque and displacement. The output signal of the strain gauge requires amplification and AD620 (operational amplifier) chip has been used for this purpose.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">After amplification, the signal is converted to digital form using similar procedure in lab 1 described above.  WiFi network is used for transmission of the digital output from the remote location to the central control room. At the receiver side, data is first displayed on the monitor for purpose of real time monitoring. Its later stored in a database developed using mySQL.</span></span><br/><br/></div><div style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size:larger"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif">The procedure to be used is detailed in the lab manual [[:media:instrumentation_manual|([[Instrumentation_manual.pdf|see pdf)]]]] provided for this lab. Two weights (0.5 kg and 0.25 kg) are used for testing the system. The setup and sample results are shown below</span></span><br/><br/></div><br/><br/>[[File:Inst setup.jpg|x215px|Inst setup.jpg]]            [[File:Halfkg.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight]]           [[File:Halfres.jpg|x215px|Half kg weight results]]<br/><div style="text-align: justify"><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><div><br/><br/></div><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

Department of Electrical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology (DeKUT)

2015-09-14T08:22:18Z

Abuogoj:

'''<span style="font-size:large">Project Title: Re-imagining Electrical Engineering Education Using The Raspberry Pi</span>'''

'''<span style="font-size:larger">Abstract</span>'''

The current generation of microprocessors and microcontrollers have the potential to revolutionize electrical engineering education due to their low cost, small size and increased computing power. The Raspberry Pi is a cheap and powerful microprocessor with much of the functionality of a modern personal computer. In this project we plan to develop and implement laboratory exercises based on the Raspberry Pi for four electrical engineering courses at the Dedan Kimathi University of Technology. The courses are 1) Signals and Communication 2) Digital Signal Processing 3) Instrumentation and 4) Control Engineering. These laboratory exercises will expose the students to important areas in these courses using the Raspberry Pi as a computing platform and encourage them to use the device in their own projects outside the classroom. We will design detailed laboratory manuals and assess the value of the labs via student feedback and quantitative measures such as test scores. It is hoped that the laboratory exercises will be adopted by our institution and other universities offering electrical engineering.

[[File:Pi card.JPG|thumb|A Raspberry Pi Model B+. A Kenyan bank card is shown for comparison.]]

'''Personnel'''

#Dr. Ciira Maina[https://sites.google.com/site/cwamainadekut/ [1]], DeKUT
#Mr. Asaph Mbugua, DeKUT
#Dr. Kamau Gachigi, Gearbox and University of Nairobi[http://www.gearbox.co.ke/ [2]]
#Mr. James Abuogo, DeKUT

'''Project Description'''

In the following pages, we document the current state of work on the laboratory exercises in the four courses mentioned in the abstract.

#[[Signals and Communication|Signals and Communication]]
#[[Digital Signal Processing|Digital Signal Processing]]
#[[Instrumentation|Instrumentation]]
#[[Control Engineering|Control Engineering]]

'''Robotics and Outreach'''

One of the aims of the project is to expose primary and secondary school students to technology. We demonstrated a Raspberry Pi based robot at the Central Kenya ASK show. In addition, we introduced the young showgoers to computer programming using the Scratch programming language [https://scratch.mit.edu/about/ [1]]. 

<gallery widths="300px" heights="300px">
File:Ask3.JPG|Raspberry Pi Robot
File:Ask2.JPG|Demonstrating the Scratch programming language
File:Ask2.jpg|Demonstrating the robot to Primary school pupils
</gallery>

This exercise which was targetted at young people in secondary and upper primary schools focused on enlightening the group about integration of hardware and software to implement the automated system which they interact with quite often in the current world of technological advancement. The outreach comprised showing how to create simple animations in Raspberry PI using Scratch language. This was followed by demonstrating how the hardware for a simple robot is connected and the significance of programming in instructing the robot to achieve some specific user-desired functions. The overall goal was to get young people to get started in programming and electronics early to prepare them for technological courses later on. The affordability of the PI and simplicity of acquiring its peripherals were major marketing points for Raspberry PI as the correct tool for these kind of projects. The response was impressive with young people showing interest in hardware hacking and programming and parents seeking information on how to acquire Raspberry Pis for their kids to get them to start programming at an early age. To me this was a step in the desired direction!

<br/>'''General System Setup'''

To effectively use the Raspberry pi, we must set up a number of systems and use a number of tools:

#[[Setting up internet access|Setting up internet access]]
#[[Audio setup|Audio setup]]
#[[Keyboard configuration|Keyboard configuration]]
#[[Remote login and file transfer|Remote login and file transfer]]

'''Important Tools'''

We have found the following tools useful so far during this project. We will update this list as often as possible

#Google forms 
#Bitbucket repository for collaboration
#Surveymonkey for anonymous online surveys 

File:Setting up RPI for Labs.docx

2015-07-17T10:37:45Z

Abuogoj: This document covers the tested procedure with codes that facilitate using RPI for labs through remote login from a laptop.

This document covers the tested procedure with codes that facilitate using RPI for labs through remote login from a laptop.

Department of Electrical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology (DeKUT)

2015-07-02T09:25:46Z

Abuogoj:

Department of Electrical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology (DeKUT)

2015-07-02T09:23:45Z

Abuogoj: